Yoganandan, Narayan Li, Jianrong Zhang, Jiangyue Pintar, Frank A Gennarelli, Thomas A Influence of angular acceleration-deceleration pulse shapes on regional brain strains. We believe that the higher ungulate densities and rates of plant consumption in RMNP, large declines in N-rich forage plants, and possibly a tendency of ungulates to move N from willow and aspen vegetation types to other types in RMNP, contributed to deceleration of nutrient Aboveground production declined, soil N mineralization rates declined, N pools declined (NO3− pools were 30% that of ungrazed controls), and aboveground N yield declined. Key N-rich forages declined due to herbivory (willows, aspen, herbaceous vegetation). Grazing effects in short willow and aspen vegetation types in RMNP fit the decelerating nutrient cycling scenario of Ritchie et al. Grazing in grasslands in RMNP resulted in no consistent detectable acceleration or deceleration of nutrient cycling. We concluded that the YNP grasslands fit the accelerating nutrient cycling scenario for ungulate herbivory: in response to grazing, grassland plant species abundance was largely unaltered, net annual aboveground primary productivity (NAPP) was stimulated (except during drought), consumption of key N-rich forages by ungulates was moderate and their abundance was sustained, soil N mineralization rates doubled, N pools increased, aboveground N yield increased, and N concentrations increased in most grassland plant species. We compare ungulate herbivory effects on N pools, N fluxes, N yields, and plant productivity in the context of the accelerating and decelerating nutrient cycling scenarios. In this paper we compare the ecosystem effects of ungulate herbivory in two western national parks, Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado, and Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming. Ungulates may influence N pools and they may alter N inputs and outputs (losses) to the ecosystem in a number of ways. Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plants and animals, and N may be limiting in many western US grassland and shrubland ungulate winter ranges. Maximum normal operating.ĭo ungulates accelerate or decelerate nitrogen cycling? Hoisting Hoisting Procedures § 57.19062 Maximum acceleration and deceleration. 57.19062 Section 57.19062 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND. 30 Mineral Resources 1 false Maximum acceleration and deceleration. Maximum normal operating.ģ0 CFR 57.19062 - Maximum acceleration and deceleration. Hoisting Hoisting Procedures § 56.19062 Maximum acceleration and deceleration. 56.19062 Section 56.19062 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND. 30 CFR 56.19062 - Maximum acceleration and deceleration.
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